JJ's Wargames: British

Showing posts with label British. Show all posts

Thursday, 22 January 2015

45th (Nottinghamshire Regiment) Foot - The Old Stubborns

From the cover of Military Modelling February 1982 - Illustration by Richard Scollins
L-R Private, Grenadier Company, 1/88th Foot, Sergeant, Battalion Company, 1/45th Foot,
Officer, Battalion Company, 2/28th Foot with King's Colour

In 1741, during the war with Spain, seven new regiments of the line were formed one of which was the the 56th Regiment of Foot. The new regiment was raised by Daniel Houghton, formerly a Captain in the 1st Foot Guards. In 1748, following the peace, several regiments above it were disbanded and the 56th rose to 45th in seniority.

Soldier of the 45th Foot in 1741

The regiment served in the American War of Independence from 1775-83 and on its return to England was billeted in Nottingham where it began rebuilding its strength around the 100 men that returned. With 300 men from the city joining its ranks, the locals petitioned King George III to add Nottinghamshire to the regimental title.

In 1806 the regiment was part of British invasion forces involved in the campaign against Spanish colonies in South America, before returning home and then being sent to join the British expedition to Portugal in 1808, landing at Mondego Bay on the 2nd August 1808. The regiment was destined to be one of those fairly rare British units that would serve in the Peninsular War from the beginning to the end in 1814.

An Ensign of the 45th Foot - 1814

After taking part in the Vimeiro campaign the 1/45th were not brigaded as part of Sir John Moore's army that was eventually evacuated back to England, although it seems that it tried to join him during the retreat to Corunna. Returning to Lisbon, it was part of the British garrison that was available to Sir Arthur Wellesley on his return to the country in April 1809.

In April the 1/45th were joined by several new untried battalions, the 2/24th, 3/27th and 2/31st and brigaded under Major General Mackenzie, forming part of Marshal Beresford's flank force supporting Wellesley's march on Oporto.

The 1/45th by this time were a seasoned Peninsular battalion and did not suffer the attrition that the other younger battalions in the brigade did. Thus prior to the march into Spain in July they had managed to pick up men from hospitals and detachments and increase their numbers for the forthcoming campaign.

In addition the brigade was restructured with the loss of the 3/27th.

The 25th of July found the 1/45th along with its fellow brigade members at Casa de Salinas overseeing the retirement of the allied army onto the Talavera position. General Mackenzie's 3rd Division was set up, as per normal, with his senior first brigade (2/31st, 1/45th, 2/24th) on the right and the second brigade (1/88th and 2/87th) to the left, note the 5/60th Rifles, part of 2nd brigade, were forward of the line on picket duties.

The 1/45th was in the centre of the first brigade when the position was assaulted and was to the left of the three battalions (1/88th, 2/87th and the 2/31st) that met the full force of the attack causing them to break.

Schematic, not to scale, illustrating the positions of Mackenzie's infantry at Casa de Salinas

The French attack consisted, according to Oman, of a Legere battalion (16eme Legere) in line followed by twelve other battalions, presumably in column. Andrew Field states that General Lapisse looking to take full advantage of surprise launched three battalions of the 16eme Legere into the attack before the other troops were up. He goes on to state that the half battalion of the 5/60th was beyond the frontage of the French attack and able to open fire on its flank. The other, the 1/45th, which had fought valiantly at Vimeiro - "a tough old regiment, was never shaken for a moment" - also held the French up while Wellesley and their own officers rallied the routed regiments.

Field goes to say, "Facing these two steady regiments, the French I Corps was introduced to British firepower for the first time. Although the 9eme Legere could not see the engagement, the sound of it in the distance still made an impression". "It was the first time we had heard the noise of an English fusillade..... indeed never had we heard a rolling fire as well fed as that."

Casa de Salinas revealed the inexperience of some of the British troops who had allowed themselves to be surprised even while their commander-in-chief was in their midst.
To quote the Napoleon Series "This misadventure cost the 1/45th, 7 men captured, 4 killed and Lieutenant Colonel William Guard and 13 others wounded".

The following day, during the Battle of Talavera, the 1/45th would suffer the fate of its fellow brigade battalions, being bombarded by French artillery in the morning and taking part in supporting the Guards brigade by bringing the French counterattack to a halt with steady volley fire. They would go on to lose a further 9 men killed, 133 wounded and 13 missing.

Wellington official report of the Battle of Talavera mentions the 45th.
"Upon this occasion the steadiness and discipline of the 45th Regiment were conspicuous". which given his comments and their record outlined above easily explains the nickname gained at Talavera - "The Old Stubborns".

My 1/45th are composed of figures from the Xan British Line infantry range with the two Ensigns and Lt. Colonel Guard from AB. The Colours are from GMB flags.

Sources consulted for this post were:
Military Modelling Magazine Feb 1982
Talavera - Wellington's First Victory in Spain, Pen & Sword Books
http://www.nam.ac.uk/research/famous-units/45th-nottinghamshire-sherwood-foresters-regiment-foot
http://www.britnumsoc.org/publications/Digital%20BNJ/pdfs/1913_BNJ_10_14.pdf
http://www.wfrmuseum.org.uk/
http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/Britain/Infantry/WellingtonsRegiments/c_45thFoot.html

Next up The British 3rd Division at Casa de Salinas, on parade

Wednesday, 14 January 2015

31st (Huntingdonshire Regiment) Foot - The Young Buffs

British Units at Casa de Salinas
Division Major General Sir Alexander Mackenzie

Mackenzie's Brigade
2/24th Foot (Warwickshire Regt.)
2/31st Foot (Huntingdonshire Regt.)
1/45th Foot (Nottinghamshire Regt.)
Mackenzie's Brigade Light Battalion

Donkin's Brigade
2/87th Foot (Prince of Wales Own Irish Regt.)
1/88th Foot (Connaught Rangers Regt.)
Donkin's Brigade Light Battalion

Anson's Brigade
23rd Light Dragoon's
1st KGL Hussars

The Casa de Salinas project nears completion with the addition of the second battalion in General Mackenzie's 1st brigade, the 2nd battalion, 31st Foot, otherwise known as the "Young Buffs".

The nickname was gained around 1760, to quote The Napoleon Series with my additions
http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/c_nickname.html

"Because of their buff facing colour they were mistaken by George II for the 3rd Foot who greeted them with "Bravo Buffs" at Dettingen. The King, on being told that they were not the "Old Buffs", but were the 31st Foot, replied, "then bravo Young Buffs".

With the beginning of the War of Spanish Succession in 1702 Colonel George Villiers was directed to re-raise his foot regiment previously raised in 1694 for the nine years war, this time as the 2nd Regiment of Marines. Ending the war under the command of Sir Henry Goring, the Marine Regiment was converted to a Line Infantry Regiment in 1713. Thirty first in the list of seniority, it was known as Sir Henry Goring's Regiment of Foot.

2nd Regiment of Marines in the War of Spanish Succession

In 1751 the Regiment was officially numbered as the 31st Regiment of Foot. On the 1st of August 1804 the 2nd battalion was reformed at Chester in response to the war with France, and in November 1808, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel William Howe Campbell, formed part of the Corps under Lieutenant General David Baird which attempted to land at Corunna in late October, but together with the 3/27th Foot ended up being diverted to Lisbon in November.

Arriving too late to be part of Sir John Moore's campaign into Spain that year, the two battalions wintered in Lisbon forming part of the small British force under the command of Major General John Cradock.

Left behind by Sir Arthur Wellesley who took command of British forces in April 1809 and marched against Marshal Soult in Oporto, the 2/31st together with the 2/24th and 1/45th are put under the command of Major General Mackenzie as his 1st Brigade in his newly formed 3rd Division.

On the 25th July 1809 they were reported with a strength of 733 men all ranks.

The first taste of action for the 2/31st happened on the banks of the Alberche Stream east of Talavera

The inexperienced 1st Brigade was caught by the onrush of French voltigeurs followed by their battalion columns.

The 2/31st, falling back on their supports, re-established their order and it was then discovered that they had paid a high price for their initiation to battle with the loss of 119 of their comrades.

The casualties were 24 dead including Captain William Lodge, five officers and 88 men wounded and 2 men taken prisoner.

The next day the battalion received its final exams as far as battle initiation was concerned, forming the second line in Wellesley's defences. The battalion suffered heavy artillery bombardment and was involved in a severe fire fight with French troops leading to the death of their brigade and divisional general, Mackenzie, together with 21 men of the 2/31st. At the end of the days fighting at Talavera the 2/31st had lost, all causes, another 131 men.

The 2/31st would go on to prove itself as one of Wellington's veteran second battalions that suffered, as did most second battalions, from an inability to maintain their strengths over time. Surviving the debacle of Albuera in 1811, by being able to rapidly form square and survive the destruction of the other battalions in its brigade, the 2/31st would continue to dwindle in strength.

The value Wellington placed on them was confirmed when four companies of the 2/31st , three companies of the 2/66th and three companies of the 29th Foot were combined to form The Provisional battalion in May 1811 following Albuera, later to become the 1st Provisional Battalion.

The 2/31st as part of the 1st Provisional Battalion would serve throughout the rest of the war ending its days before the walls of Toulouse in 1814.

My battalion is composed in the main with figures from the Xan range of British infantry with Colonel Campbell and his two Ensigns from the AB range. The colours are from GMB flags.

Sources consulted were:

http://www.roll-of-honour.com/Regiments/31stRegimentofFoot.html

http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/Britain/Infantry/WellingtonsRegiments/c_31stFoot.html

http://www.nam.ac.uk/research/famous-units/31st-huntingdonshire-regiment-foot

Talavera, Wellington's First Victory in Spain - Andrew W. Field

Next up the 1/45th Foot (Nottinghamshire Regt.) or "Old Stubborns"

Saturday, 20 December 2014

24th (2nd Warwickshire Regiment) Foot - Howard's Greens

God's preferred scale, 18mm with a GMB set of Colours

The 24th "Warwickshire Regiment of Foot" was formed 18th March 1689 in Ireland by, its first colonel, Sir Edward Dering and was named after its colonel, Dering's Regiment of Foot. In 1737 it gained the nickname "Howard's Greens" to avoid confusion with the 19th Foot, also with green facings, with a Colonel Howard commanding the regiment at that time.

In 1751 it was numbered as the 24th Regiment of Foot and in 1782 became the 24th "2nd Warwickshire Regiment of Foot" distinguishing it from the 6th"1st Warwickshire Regiment of Foot" in yellow facings.

The 3rd Baronet, Sir Edward Dering, first Colonel of the 24th Foot

In 1804 the second battalion was formed in Warwick remaining in England until posted to Guernsey and Jersey in 1808-09.

In April 1809 the battalion landed at Lisbon under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Chamberlin and was assigned to the forces observing Marshal Victors forces in the Tagus valley, whilst Sir Arthur Wellesley took his main force north to deal with Marshal Soult in Oporto.

A young subaltern, James Warren Childe, of the 24th foot 1810-15

In May of 1809 the 2/24th were brigaded with the 2/31st and the 1/45th under Major General Alexander Randoll Mackenzie who was also the commander of the new 3rd Division and joined Wellesley's force that marched into the Tagus valley to confront Marshal Victor.

The 2/24th are described as a "Green" battalion composed of young recruits "straight off the boat" and can thus be slightly excused for being caught out by Victor's veterans at their first encounter along the Alberche river at Casa de Salinas. They are reported to have only suffered nine casualties as they fell back to rejoin their comrades on the Talavera battle line.

The 24th move into line to cover the retreat of the Guards at Talavera

The 2/24th were able to redeem themselves the next day at Talavera where they were held in a reserve position behind General Sherbooke's 1st Division along the exposed open ground between the Cerro de Medellin and the Pajar de Vergara redoubt. Under continual bombardment from French artillery on the Cerro de Cascajal, they were perfectly placed to allow General Mackenzie, having observed the Guards over reach their position by charging in pursuit of General Sebastiani's fleeing French columns, move the 2/24th forward to occupy their original position in the line.

As the 2nd Guards recoiled from the inevitable French counterattack they were able to fall back behind the 24th who met the French with steady and destructive volleys, whilst the Guards rallied with "astonishing rapidity".

The other two battalions of Mackenzie's brigade moved into line on the left of the 24th, supported by the 14th and 16th Light Dragoons, now faced with six battalions of the French 32eme and 75eme Regiments. The unequal fight became desperate as the French followed up their success in a much more measured way. The two sides were engaged in a fearful firefight, causing heavy casualties to both sides.

General Mackenzie fell as did 632 of his men of the 2,000 that had gone into action in his three battalions. The casualties were such that the 24th found itself in a single rank. After half an hour of desperate fighting the Guards were able to resume their position in the line.

The superior marksmanship of the British began to tell and the French line was forced back, finally being broken by a charge on the left flank of the 75eme de Ligne by the Light Dragoons which caused the whole French line to break off.

After the battle, the 2/24th are reported to have lost 345 killed, wounded and prisoners from a strength of 787, leaving a hard core of bloodied veterans from the "Green" unit that arrived in Lisbon back in April.

The 2/24th as a second battalion struggled to maintain anything like fighting strength throughout the war, but built on its reputation as a "fighting second battalion" with Wellington so reluctant to allow them to return home to recruit, that they ended the war as part of the 3rd Provisional Battalion formed in November 1812.

My battalion is formed using figures from the Xan range with Colonel Chamberlin and the two ensigns from AB. The Colours are from GMB Flags.

References consulted were:
"Talavera, Wellington's First Victory in Spain", Andrew W Field a really good read about this battle which I highlighted back in December 2012
Peninsular War book review

"Talavera 1809 - Wellington's lightening strike into Spain", Osprey Campaign 253, Rene Chartrand & Graham Turner

"Great Battles of History Refought, Talavera", Richard Partridge & Mike Oliver

http://www.nam.ac.uk/research/famous-units/south-wales-borderers

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Wales_Borderers

http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/Britain/Infantry/WellingtonsRegiments/c_24thFoot.html

Sunday, 7 December 2014

87th Foot (Prince of Wales Own Irish Regiment) - "The Aigle Catchers"

Sergeant Patrick Materson - "Bejabers, boys, I have the Cuckoo!"

The next unit added to the order of battle is the 2nd battalion, 87th Foot (Prince of Wales Own Irish Regiment).

Like its sister regiment the 88th, the 87th was also a "war raised" infantry regiment. The unit was raised in 1793 by Major, later Lieutenant Colonel John Doyle, who held the post of secretary to the Price of Wales and was given permission to name the regiment "The Prince of Wales's Irish".

Like the 88th the 87th took part in the early operations of the British army in the war against France, going into captivity in Holland in 1795, then being re-raised and serving in the West Indies, South America, South Africa and India.

Sir John Doyle, 1795, in the uniform of the 87th

In 1804 a second battalion was raised by Doyle's son and recruited in Tipperary, Galway and Clare. The 2/87th moved between Ireland and England, with a tour of duty in Guernsey where Sir John Doyle was Governor.

In December 1808 they received orders to sail for the Peninsula, with 35 officers and 1,100 men under the command of Major Hugh Gough, landing with the 88th Foot at Lisbon on the 13th March 1809.

In May, the battalion was part of General Beresford's force that flank marched against the retreating army of Marshal Soult as he was pursued by Wellesley from Oporto. Bereseford forced marched his men through the mountains in pursuit of the French and in the process managed to lose food, arms, ammunition and especially shoes in the swollen streams and mud. Thousands of men fell out of the column through exhaustion, hunger and sickness with the 2/87th losing 250 men. They were reported to Sir Arthur Wellesley who described them as "a rabble who cannot bear success any more than Sir John Moore's army could bear failure".

He was particularly angry at the 2/87th and the 1/88th and threatened to report them as unfit for service in the field and to send them on garrison duties. However his shortage of troops, given the British army was heavily committed to the Walcheren expedition, meant that he was compelled to keep the two Irish battalions, brigading them with the 5/60th Rifles in Donkin's brigade of the newly raised 3rd Division.

In June 1809 the 2/87th marched as part of Wellesley's army in the Talavera campaign. At Talavera the 2/87th were part of the screen covering the main Anglo-Spanish position. It was a hot afternoon and Colonel Donkin had allowed the men to rest in the shade of the olive groves, when they were surprised by sudden musket volleys as French columns charged into their positions. The 2/87th were broken in the ensuing chaos losing 200 casualties. During the subsequent battle the next day the battalion would suffer further losses amounting to 354 casualties including Major Gough who was wounded.

Major Hugh Gough

Wellington carried out his threat to assign the 2/87th to garrison duties when in 1810 he sent the battalion, now back up to strength and with the recovered Major Gough, with a British force to help bolster the Spanish forces holding Cadiz. By the 26th February the British contingent under General Sir Thomas Graham numbered 5,000 men and together with 7,000 Spanish troops under General La Pena, who assumed overall command, took part in the landing at Tarifa, designed to raise the French siege of Cadiz. The subsequent manoeuvres resulted in the Battle of Barrosa on the 5th March 1811.

Battle of Barrosa

It was at the Battle of Barrosa that the 2/87th achieved immortal fame as the first British Regiment to take an Eagle in the Peninsular War, which may surprise those that thought it was the South Essex led by a certain Lieutenant Sharpe of the 95th Rifles at Talavera.

La Pena led his force on a series of long and tiring marches, many at night, through waterlogged terrain, culminating in them approaching the French lines in front of Cadiz on the coast road.

Marshal Victor, anticipating the Spanish General's move blocked the approach with one of his divisions whilst sending his other two to block the rear of the allied column and attack its flank through the woods that lined the coastal road. General Graham commanding the rear most troops immediately turned his forces to confront the French and counterattack.

As the men of the 2/87th, part of Colonel Wheatley's brigade, moved through the woods they shook out into line as they approached the edge of open ground, being met by intense fire. Four officers and fifty men fell before the battalion was ready to advance.

Battle of Barrosa -illustrating the movement of Colonel Wheatley's Brigade attacking Laval's Division

As the attack commenced on this part of the field 2,600 British troops in line advanced on 4,000 French troops in column. As the two bodies closed the first volleys were exchanged at sixty paces, with the concentrated fire of the British line cutting down the front ranks of the French columns, bringing them to a halt.

As the 87th got within twenty five paces, the enemy began to break, and Graham gave the order to charge. The 2/87th with "charged muskets" dashed forward with cries of "Faugh-a-Ballagh!" ("Clear the way!"). Gough declared the scene was one "of most dreadful carnage"with every man for himself in the midst of the terrible bayonet fight. The Eagle guard of the 8th French Ligne was assaulted led by Ensign Keogh who, bayoneted twice, fell dead, only to be replaced by Sergeant Patrick Masterson who seized the Eagle from the mortally wounded Sous-lieutenant Guillemain, crying out "Bejabers, boys, I have the cuckoo!"

Ensign Fruman of the 87th, perhaps a colleague of Ensign Keogh?

Along with its Eagle, the two battalions of the 8th Ligne lost 700 men, its Colonel and both battalion commanders.

Defeated the entire French force marched away, Graham's force of 5,000 troops had defeated 7,000 French troops inflicting over 2,000 casualties.

When news of Barrosa reached England the fortunes of the 2/87th began to change. By an order of the Prince Regent, on 18th April 1811, the Regiment was proclaimed as "The Prince of Wales Own Irish" and ordered that on its Colours were carried "an Eagle with a wreath of Laurel above the Harp, in addition to the arms of His Royal Highness" in commemoration of the battle. Gough was made brevet Lieutenant Colonel and Masterson was promoted with a commission in the Royal York Light Infantry Volunteers.

My battalion is composed of figures from the Xan range, supplied by Empress Miniatures, with Major Gough and the two Ensigns from the AB range. The Colours are from GMB. All links to these can be found in the side bar.

For more information on the 87th, the following links were consulted, together with Osprey's Men at Arms series, "Wellington's Peninsula Regiments (1) The Irish.

http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/Britain/Infantry/WellingtonsRegiments/c_87thFoot.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/87th_%28Royal_Irish_Fusiliers%29_Regiment_of_Foot

http://www.nam.ac.uk/research/famous-units/87th-royal-irish-fusiliers-regiment-foot

Next up Wars of the Roses in 28mm, some more lovely Romans from Tom and my home regiment, the Warwickshires, continues the work on the British forces at Casa de Salinas.

Thursday, 27 November 2014

88th Foot (Connaught Rangers) - The Devil's Own

Fusilier Company Sergeant of the 88th Foot

British Units at Casa de Salinas
Division Lieutenant General Sir Alexander McKenzie

McKenzie's Brigade
2/24th Foot (Warwickshire Regt.)
2/31st Foot (Huntingdonshire Regt.)
1/45th Foot (Nottinghamshire Regt.)
McKenzie's Brigade Light Battalion

Donkin's Brigade
2/87th Foot (Prince of Wales Own Irish Regt.)
1/88th Foot (Connaught Rangers Regt.)
Donkin's Brigade Light Battalion

Anson's Brigade
23rd Light Dragoon's
1st KGL Hussars

Progress on the order of battle for Casa de Salinas continues with the addition of arguably the most famous British infantry battalion in the peninsula army and certainly one that features in the thickest of the fighting from 1810 onwards, the 88th Regiment of Foot, The Connaught Rangers.

Colonel de Burgh

The 88th Foot was raised in Ireland on the 25th September 1793, by Colonel, the Honourable, Thomas de Burgh as one of the new regiments raised in response to the outbreak of war with France. Raised in the province of Connaught, it soon became known as the Connaught Rangers. Most of the officers were Irishmen and all had raised men for rank, that is receiving their commissions based on the number of men they recruited.

From 1794, the battalion saw extensive service, starting with the disastrous campaign in Flanders and taking in the West Indies, Jersey, India, Egypt and South America, before returning to England in 1807. After the Flanders campaign the battalion was commanded by the Anglo Irish Lt. Colonel William Carr Beresford, who after moving on into higher command postings, would meet the 88th again in the Peninsula.

In 1804 a second battalion was raised under Lt Colonel John Alexander Wallace, who would later go on to command the first battalion and be responsible for its development as one of Wellington's crack assault units

Colonel Wallace 1835

The 1/88th arrived in the Peninsula with it's sister Irish battalion the 2/87th in March 1809 and were brigaded together during the Talavera campaign. Their first meeting with the enemy was an inauspicious start to what would turn out to be a glorious battle record as failing to post pickets, whilst forming the rearguard to the allied army as it fell back to Talavera, it was caught unprepared. Both Irish battalions were broken in the attack and fell back in disorder and were both heavily citicised by Wellesley after the action.

In September 1809 the first battalion came under the command of Colonel Wallace with a draft of replacements from the second battalion, and he immediately set about improving drill and discipline, before the battalion came under command of their new divisional commander Sir Thomas Picton.

The relationship between the Rangers and the new commander of the 3rd "Fighting" Division, was always a difficult one and not a lot of love was lost between the two parties. General Picton, a Welshman, declared his aversion to the 88th right from the start, declaring that they should be known as "Irish robbers and common footpads than as the Connaught Rangers", making further intemperate remarks about their country and religion. Despite their proving to be one of the best regiments in Wellington's army, Picton continued to discriminate against them and their officers.

The combat record of the 88th from 1810 onwards is a series of battle winning performances starting at Busaco and including Fuentes de Onoro, Cuidad Rodrigo, Badajoz, Salamanca, Vittoria, Nivelle Orthes and Toulouse. In the five years of fighting the 88th were in the thick of it and became a core part of the 3rd Division.

Although General Picton gave the battalion a very hard time, I think even he had a grudging respect for their combat ability, especially when close in bayonet work was required. At the Battle of Vittoria as the 88th led off the attack into the village of Arinez the General was heard to call out to the 88th,

"Rangers of Connaught, drive those French rascals into the village and out of the village - you are the lads that know how to do it".

My 88th Foot are composed of figures from the Xan range, and I really like the poses available. The Colour bearers and Colonel Wallace are from AB and the Colours are from the excellent range of flags from GMB.

You can almost hear the insolent comments from the battalion as General Picton draws near!

With such a famous unit there are a lot of sources of information. I have used the Osprey title "Wellington's Peninsula Regiments (1), The Irish, Men at Arms by Mike Chappell. Other sources are listed below including the reminiscences of William Gratton an officer in the 88th which is a great read.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/88th_Regiment_of_Foot_%28Connaught_Rangers%29

http://www.nam.ac.uk/research/famous-units/88th-regiment-foot-connaught-rangers

http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/Britain/Infantry/WellingtonsRegiments/c_88thFoot.html

https://www.royal-irish.com/events/raising-of-the-88th-regiment-of-foot-connaught-rangers

Adventures of the Connaught Rangers-William Gratton

Next up the 87th (Prince of Wales Own Irish) Regiment of Foot, the real unit (not the South Essex) that took the first Eagle in the Peninsular War

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