Tuesday, 21 December 2021

Salute 50 - South London Warlords

 

With the Festive Season well underway and another wargaming year fast coming to a close, thoughts naturally turn to planning next year's events, which is being made all the more problematic given the current uncertain situation around Covid.

My eighteen months of not attending any wargaming shows came to an end last month and I am hoping that the normal scheduling of shows will eventually return to its more predictable pattern instead of the understandable scramble to stage shows that we saw this year, but that meant many of us had to choose which we would attend as the year closed out.

This week I was contacted by the South London Warlords organising team to let me know that next April's planned Salute show would not now be going ahead, due in main to the current uncertainties and the messing around the calendar has been subjected to, seeing the last show run last month and very little time now left to organise another for next April.

My last Salute was back in 2019, here visiting the chaps from Battlefront, showing me their amazing CAD designed plastic range of model tanks

Thus the 50th Salute show, and I can't quite believe it's been that many, but then I and friends have been going on and off to Salute since the early eighties when it used to be run in the Kensington Town Hall, is now scheduled for April 2023.

South London Warlords, Salute-50

Salute is a flagship show for the hobby and with a vibrant array of companies and businesses bringing new products into wargaming here in the UK it serves as a magnificent showcase for the latest and best games, rules, and miniatures in the hobby so I wish the South London Warlords all the best for 2023.

Sunday, 19 December 2021

All at Sea - The Perennial Challenge of Storage and Terrain

My Tiny Wargames sea mat in action as the Combined Fleet gets set up to visually test the arrangement of the fleet and the size of table needed to accommodate the whole Battle of Trafalgar (more anon).

Editor's Note: This is a post that was originally written for the blog earlier this year, as you will see from comments when originally published, and is just as pertinent then as now with the likely additions to figure collections in the next few weeks, thoughts will inevitably turn to storage and terrain challenges to go with those new figure additions, in my case it was all about model ships and how to carry a large collection around for games plus the look of the table to run my planned games on. If you missed it then, I hope it provides food for thought.

JJ

Whilst working on the Trafalgar collection I have had several inquiries about the mat I have been depicting in some of the games run as the collection has grown and the challenge that will be posed by moving such a large collection of models around and so I thought I would devote a bit of coverage to those two aspects of the hobby.

Working to the principle of 'Begin with the End in Mind', as a very wise man once said, I've always embarked on creating any of my figure and model collections by taking into account terrain and storage planning which are forefront in the process of bringing a collection together, so much so that my move from 18mm into 28mm ranges of figures has necessitated a move into terrain items and storage capability to compliment the larger models.

Another example of one of my Tiny Wargames mats in action as Ben, Tom and Will joined me for a Xmas 2019 Romano-Dacian set to.
http://jjwargames.blogspot.com/2019/12/augustus-to-aurelian-river-crossing.html

Those ideas have featured alongside the builds of my Romano-Dacian and AWI collections which incorporated the ideas of being able to use most of my terrain items to enable a Dacian forested, mountainous terrain to marry quite happily with the type of terrain encountered around the Great Lakes in 18th-19th century North America.

The print quality of the sea effect on the mat really enhances the models when seen close up

Thus storage and functional usage was maximised around two new collections, with a minimal space given over to additional terrain.

As discussed way-way back at the beginning of the blog, as focus developed on the Talavera project, I was keen to emphasise the importance I place on great looking terrain items as a way we can make our games more immersive and that I have never taken the view as some do that the figures and models are simply 'tokens' designed to be pushed around the table as you would with counters on a giant boardgame. 

If that was so we might just as well do that, and not bother with the artistic side of the hobby that sees fantastic tables, terrain and models create a game no boardgame despite great graphics and artwork could ever hope to compete with as a 'total' gaming experience, and I would go so far to say that also applies to computer gaming that often comes close, but again cannot compete with the three dimensional effect of a beautiful table complete with figures, models and terrain that seem to appeal to all five senses with a good game even seemingly able to evoke the smell of black powder and cordite.

The use of purpose designed mats has revolutionised the hobby and the look of games able to be produced, be they home made or specially made wargaming products, and my preferred option has been to use mats supplied by Tiny Wargames, and it is an example of their 'Bright Sea' cloth mat that my model ships have been pictured on.

Tiny Wargames - Sea-mats

I have been using this and other mats, like the grass one in the Romano Dacia game shown above for four years now as have members in the DWG and I like them for several reasons. First the patterns and artwork used are great and really compliment my figures and other terrain items, an aspect I was keen to take advantage of with this collection by maintaining a clear base to the ships to allow the mat to show through and make the bases as discreet as possible. 

The use of cloth mats makes transporting them too and from club so easy and I pick up old cardboard tubes from a local carpet retailer to allow me to roll my mats thus avoiding unsightly creases which if they occur are easily ironed out should the need arise.

Finally the mats are hardwearing and washable making them a very durable item that they need to be but ensuring a nicely turned out game every time we want to play. So none of the chipped pieces missing from game boards or from textured mats, which initially look great but can become tired looking after only a few games. 

The second point about transporting the cloths has been really emphasised to me in my planning to play Trafalgar and other large naval actions of the period in 1:700th in that in the case of Trafalgar I will be using just under 250 square feet of table space, with five cloths, similar to the one seen on my table, to allow the two fleets to deploy and leave enough sea room for manoeuvre and thus being able to carry rolled up cloths that are easily draped over tables makes them an obvious choice for the naval wargamer.


The other major consideration for anyone putting together a collection, and especially a large collection, of models and figures is how to safely store that collection between games and a simple but effective system to be able transport them between venues.

If you intend to invest your time and hard earned cash on building a collection it will be well worth your time and money in investing in suitable storage for that collection to be able to display it if you care to in your home and also to be able to transport it safely to a gaming venue.

I am very fortunate in having my own permanent gaming room with space for display cabinets and storage boxes, and this storage/gaming space will also be a key determinant on the size and scope of any collection built.

Glass fronted cabinets are a popular option if you have the space and permanent room in which to play. However if space is an issue then other safe storage that can be used to move a collection around in is the next best choice.

So as my collection has been added to, the models have been placed in glass fronted display cabinet in my room, but as the collection neared completion I had to consider how I would be able to move them safely and securely.

When I first got into the hobby, other more seasoned wargamers recommended to me getting my first metal tool chest to carry around my small collection of Phoenix 20mm Napoleonic soldiers, with the metal container serving as a useful magnetic container once magnetic tape for bases became available.

MDF Really Useful Box Insert Trays from Sally 4th with added extra bracing strips along the bottoms, with each tray capable of holding up to eight ship of the line models, slightly more frigate and brigs.

However the old cantilever metal tool chests, of which I still have a few, are heavy and very capable of taking a large chunk of plaster out of your walls or leaving unsightly dents in metal objects should they be carried carelessly from the house to the car, and in recent times have given way to the new wargaming storage item of choice, the Really Useful Box (RUB), with its sturdy lockdown lid and robust stackable construction with rounded corners in light durable plastic offering protection without threatening house demolition every time they are moved.

These boxes are useful for storing just about anything we use in the hobby from figures, models, terrain, and even rule books, dice and measuring tapes.

The Sally 4th trays fit neatly and securely into these 19ltr RUB's and are easily grasped hold of with the purpose designed strips on the top inside ends. Note the brace strips along the top of each long edge which were duplicated to make the rows to secure the bases along the bottom of each tray. A simple but very effective modification

Not only that, but with the advent of MDF and laser cutting, the modern wargamer can now not only purchase terrain items, game accessories and bases but also storage trays in this versatile material designed to fit into these boxes, and allow more stuff to be be held securely in bigger boxes, some examples of which now grace my collection of model ships.

I already use the nine litre RUB's for transporting my 28mm figure collections, which hold two MDF trays in each, and with the extra large lids give ample clearance room for items such as long spears and flag poles.

However extra clearance was required through the whole box with the model ships sporting masts on the First and Third Rates requiring a depth of at least 10cm to allow another tray to be stacked above and ideally a box that could carry multiple trays to allow the seventy-three models for Trafalgar to be carried as a collection in as few boxes as possible.

The solution was provided by Sally 4th who make a 100m deep RUB insert tray for the European 19 Litre and 25 Litre RUB, and for which I acquired three 19ltr options with the same extra large lids that are used on my 9ltr Rubs so adding a little extra flexibility.

Sally 4th - 100mm Type B Solid RUB Tray

I contacted Chris Abbey at Sally 4th and he was able to make me some extra copies of the long brace strips that go along the top long sides of each tray to support the stacked tray above. Thus by gluing five of these along the bottom of each tray I was able to create four lengthways rows to accommodate securely the Fluid 3D bases my models are fixed to, as seen in the pictures of my newly constructed trays in their boxes.

Each box holds three trays of eight models in each, thus twenty-four models per box - Perfect!

The Trafalgar Collection all packed and ready to go

So I hope this post is useful in highlighting two very important aspects of our hobby that we are all likely to encounter as we get deeper into it, with ever growing collections of models and terrain to create the games we want to but also the need to be able to safely secure those items in between games.


Saturday, 11 December 2021

Battle of Antietam in the Grand Manner - Fire & Fury Brigade Second Edition


The festive season for 2021 got off to a grand start in fact a 'grand manner' start as I and friends travelled up to Chez Clive in deepest, darkest North Devon this week for an all day game of Fire & Fury Brigade Level, Version Two in glorious 28mm recreating the desperate fighting at the Battle of Antietam or Sharpsburg depending on your preference on September 17th, 1862.

Confederate and Union soldiers lie dead together on the battlefield in front of Dunker Church, Antietam

The battle was the climax of General Robert E. Lee's Maryland campaign and resulted in his invasion being halted as General George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac launched a furious attack on the Confederate defensive line behind Antietam Creek in front of Sharpsburg, that saw the bloodiest day in American history that left 22,717 men dead, wounded or missing on the field of battle and the Union army exhausted from its heavy losses; but rewarding them with a strategic victory as Lee's army, suffering a much higher loss proportionally, forced the Confederates to withdraw back to Virginia, abandoning their invasion.

Following this battle, President Lincoln was emboldened to make his famous Emancipation Proclamation freeing more that three and a half million slaves in the Confederate States and thus discouraging any support for them from the British and French governments, themselves strongly opposed to slavery having abolished it prior to the commencement of the American Civil War.

Map, courtesy of Hal Jespersen - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antietam_Overview.png

Below is our table capturing the key terrain features of the battlefield with the Confederate army arranged on the far table edge around the buildings representing the outskirts of Sharpsburg and the Dunker Church towards the top right.

The Middle and Burnside bridges together with the ford have also been squeezed in on the lower left corner of the table, and the dreaded 'sunken road' that marked the centre of the Confederate position can be seen snaking out from the Hagerstown Turnpike that runs along the front of their line and was penetrated by Union troops but only after suffering very heavy losses.


For our refight, Vince was on the Confederate left with the brigades of Generals  Lawton and John R. Jones', whilst Steve M. took the Confederate Right around the Sunken Road and facing the bridges with the brigades of Generals Hill, Anderson and Hood.

Chas launches Hooker's men towards Vince's awaiting Confederate's under a hail, of artillery fire from both sides

For the Union we needed commanders who were willing to attack and 'let the devil take the hindmost' so naturally Chas took command of the Union right commanding the brigades of Hooker's I Corps, myself in the centre with the brigades of Mansfield's and Sumner's XII and II Corps respectively, whilst Clive would take the Union left with Burnside's IX Corps.

Three turns passed before the centre Union attack commenced with the arrival of Mansfield and Sumner's corps

Our game reflected the rather piecemeal assault launched by McClellan's army as Chas threw I Corps forward under the barrage from his guns that started to cause gaps in the Confederate line right from the start as enemy batteries became silenced and damaged under the barrage allowing the Union infantry to barrel on forward towards the the fence line running the length of the Hagerstown turnpike.

Hookers men close on the rebel lines 

The irresistible force confronts the immovable object yet again

The Confederate line in front of Dunker Church

Steve has Anderson's brigades ready to hold the Sunken Road

'Disordered' and 'Worn' markers start to proliferate along the Union assault line as Hooker's men close

The Zouaves to the left took the first heavy casualties and were practically blown away as Chas stormed the rail fence

Still the advance continued amid the hail of fire

Bayonets crossed and with the rebel unit nearest to camera 'out of ammo' with the bullet marker close by after delivering a particularly heavy volley

As the range decreased and the firing intensified it looked touch and go whether Chas's men would reach the turnpike and I think Vince was equally focussed on his efforts to keep replacing damaged gun batteries from reserves in the rear as his troops kept pouring on as much hurt as they could, not helped by Vince having a tough day early on with the dice gods, slightly relieved as they took pity on him and allowed an extra bonus of results as Chas withdrew Hooker's battered forces.

Hooker's men recoiling back from the fence as Mansfield and Sumner advance on to the field of battle to resume the attack

Major General Edwin V. Sumner's Union II Corps advance on the Sunken Road with the veteran Irish brigade (green colours) to the fore behind the advanced gun line, already taking hits as the reversed (silenced) gun model in the centre testifies to.

As Chas was desperately contesting the fence line on the Rebel left, it was time for my forces to make their debut as I deployed Mansfield's and Sumner's corps in the centre in preparation for the next big attack as Steve dressed his ranks of rebels and greeted my unlimbering forward gun line with some saluting counterbattery fire that spoilt my deployment somewhat.
 
Despite the heavy casualties the Zouaves were first in and last out as the first Union assault recoiled back exhausted.

'No Mans Land' about to be contested yet again

Undeterred and determined to stretch the Confederate defences while Chas was trying to force a result out on the Union right, Sumner threw forward a six base experienced brigade against the Sunken Road, with another echeloned back, in an attempt to mask the flanking fire from the rebel position as the main assault was directed at the junction of the Sunken Road and Hagerstown Turnpike supported by massed Union guns that quickly destroyed a rebel gun battery holding said junction.

Sumner's brigades strike home against the rebel centre as the Sunken Road is assaulted with the bayonet. The gap on the road, dead centre marks the position of the Confederate battery destroyed in the pre-assault barrage.

Alongside Sumner's men were now deployed Mansfield's massed brigades in supported lines barrelling forward to try and force the position in front of Dunker Church. However no matter how quickly and effectively the Union massed batteries could cause gaps in the rebel line, the advantage of interior lines allowed for a quick replacement with a refreshed unit now with an enemy in much closer range.

An overview at mid afternoon of our game shows the Union line striking forward in the centre towards Dunker Church as its right flank recoils and it's left is starting to deploy. Note the massed lines of Union guns in the centre supporting the assault

The result of this second Union assault mirrored pretty much the result of the first as the Union line made its bayonet charge against the fence-lined turnpike in front of Dunker Church, with massed guns in the centre paving the way and a token force thrown against the Sunken Lane to mask the flank of this principle attack.

Like it's predecessor this Union attack was going nowhere fast after several turns of inconclusive hand to hand fighting along its length which seemed ready to culminate with the defeat and repulse of Sumner's advanced brigade, now up on the ramparts of the Sunken Road, experienced but spent, contesting possession of the position with a fresh veteran Confederate brigade.

The highwater mark of the Union assault as Sumner's Corps take part of the Sunken Road temporarily.

With Steve mustering plus three and myself a minus one on the contested die result, this little struggle within a much wider battle seemed to herald the collapse of the Union attack, only to see my die roll come up with a 10 to Steve's reply of 1 giving the battered Union brigade, only thrown in as a spoiling attack the victory, and seeing them take the position, all be it temporarily.

With that minor victory and with the Union forces just about done, we called our game which had produced the nail-biting bloodbath mirroring its historical predecessor, Sunken Road included, and with the collection of figures and terrain put together by Clive and Chas producing a feast for the eye that this scale of game can produce.

This is my second game playing the new version of Fire & Fury Brigade and has reinforced my opinion of them, that I concluded then, that these are a very fine, well crafted set of rules for playing the American Civil War at this big battle level, here in 28mm and in the previous game played back in 2019, looking at Gettysburg in 15mm played over at another of our club Steve's abode, and good friend Mr Steve L, see link below.


Thank you to Clive for hosting our day in his lovely house and for laying on a delightful lunch interlude to the game and to Steve M, Vince and Chas for their company and input to producing a great game that had lots of laughs, banter and drama to chat about afterwards.

It is games like this that is what our hobby is all about and perfect way to spend a day when the weather outside was just the sort climate for being indoors and indeed a perfect way to start the Festive Season in the company of likeminded friends.

The festive fun continues this weekend, as I'm off to the club for the return of our annual Gus Murchie Memorial Game that succumbed to last year's lockdown but sees us regathering to play a mega WWII 15mm game with a Normandy theme with Monty's 21st Army trying to secure vital ground around Caen - more anon.

In addition I'm back to the AWI collection with some work progressing on the Hessian Jagers and a small group of American militia, so I hope to show them before getting into the Xmas festivities.

Saturday, 4 December 2021

All at Sea - Spanish First Rates for Cape St Vincent

HMS Captain 74-guns commanded by Commodore Horatio Nelson engages the 80-gun San Nicholas and the 112-gun San Josef at the Battle of Cape St Vincent 14th February 1797 - Donald Macleod
https://www.stivesgallery.co.uk/pages/fighting_sail_the_nelson_touch/cape_st_vincent.html

Next year will be the 225th anniversary of the Battle of Cape St Vincent fought on the 14th February, St Valentines Day, 1797 between the British fleet of 15 ships of the line, 5 frigates, 1 sloop and 1 cutter under Admiral Sir John Jervis and a Spanish fleet of 25 ships of the line, 7 frigates and a brig under the command of Admiral Don Jose de Cordoba y Ramos near Cape St Vincent, Portugal.

The battle is notable in that the British victory began the fight back at sea by the British Royal Navy to re-establish its supremacy over the fleets of Revolutionary France and her new allies, Spain and the Dutch Batavian Republic as they threatened to combine their strength and launch a surprise invasion of Ireland to knock Great Britain out of the war, as the only remaining opposition to French conquests in Europe.

The Dutch would see a similar reverse that same year on the 11th October when their fleet was decisively defeated off Camperdown or Kamperduin on the Dutch coast by Admiral Adam Duncan leading the British North Sea Fleet.

The British fleet turned in succession as the main force of the Spanish fleet threatened to break contact, causing the frustrated Nelson aboard Captain to respond to Jervis' signal and general orders for Britannia and the ships behind her to close on the enemy line to wear round on them after Vice Admiral Charles Thompson failed to respond and continued to follow in line ahead. - Map from The Trafalgar Companion, Mark Adkin

The Battle of Cape St Vincent is also noted for the arrival to public notice of a rising star among the captains of Sir John Jervis' Mediterranean Fleet, a certain Commodore Horatio Nelson, who had, unknown to himself, been promoted by seniority, before the battle took place, to Rear Admiral and who would firmly establish himself on the road to being perhaps one of the greatest admirals in history with his audacious manoeuvre; that saw him wear his ship, breaking the traditional line of battle and lead an attack on the van and centre of the Spanish fleet, pinning the nearest enemy vessels to him as the main British fleet tacked in succession to come up to him as quickly as possible as he boldly led a boarding party that captured the 80-gun San Nicholas and the 112-gun San Josef, a manoeuvre that earned the facetious title of ;

'Nelson's patent bridge for boarding enemy vessels.'

JJ's Wargames All at Sea Cape St Vincent, Spanish
It was back in June that I finished off my Spanish 3rd Rates 

To commemorate this famous battle, I wanted to make sure I had enough Spanish ships to facilitate its playing and with twenty-five ships of the line needed and only fifteen constructed for the Trafalgar project I set myself the task of completing the other ten Spanish ships that required another seven third rate 74-gun models and three more 112-gun first rates to do it.

These two Spanish first rates complete the line up of Spanish ships of the line as at the Battle of Cape St Vincent in 1797

Finally, after lots of other work on other projects I got a chance to sit down and get the last two Spanish first rates into JJ's shipyard seeing them into the fitting out dock last week and completed this week as seen above and below.


As with my last batch of third rates I wanted these models to reflect the Revolutionary War paint scheme that preceded the later Nelsonian chequerboard pattern to give this earlier Spanish fleet that look, all be it with some models in that later pattern suggesting the switch from one to the other as ships went in for refits.

So before starting these two final models I was keen to get some inspiration for the look I was after and hopefully feature two of these mighty Spanish first rates that featured in the battle line up.

When inspiration for the look of my Spanish collection is needed I tend to refer to the wonderful art of Carlos Parilla Penagos and was pleased to find two such illustrations depicting the look perfectly and of the ships I had in mind. 

Salvador del Mundo - Carlos Parilla Penagos
https://www.carlosparrillapenagos.es/pintura-naval/
The picture depicts the ship in 1790 when Spain hastily prepared an expedition to the Nookta Sound on the coast of modern day Vancouver Island, over a political dispute about trade with Great Britain

So first up is the 112-gun Salvador del Mundo or Saviour of the World the second built of the eight ships of her class, the Santa Anna's known as los Merigildos, designed by Romero Landa and launched at Ferrol on the 2nd May 1787.

Too late to see service in the War of American Independence the Salvador del Mundo was part of a mobilisation of the Spanish navy as the Viceroy of Mexico triggered a dispute with the British East India Company that had set up a fur trading base in Nookta Sound on the Canadian Pacific seaboard to facilitate the trade in furs with China.

Jose Joaquin Romero y Fernandez de Landa 
Spain's first official naval engineer and designer

The Spanish Crown had laid exclusive claim to the entire Pacific coast since the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 and the Viceroy sent two Spanish warships to the area that caused both Britain and Spain to send major elements to sea before better sense prevailed and an agreement was reached that saw Spain abandon its claim and pay reparations for damages.

My interpretation of the Salvador del Mundo with her distinctive ochre strake directly below her poop deck aft quarter rails as depicted in the Penagos picture above

Less than ten years after her launch the Salvador del Mundo would see her first battle against the adversary she narrowly missed meeting in 1790 as at 06.30 on a cold foggy morning of the 14th February 1797, the 74-gun HMS Culloden at the head of the British fleet signalled to Admiral Jervis aboard HMS Victory;

'Five enemy sail in sight to the south-east.'


At 10am with the mist clearing fast, Flag Captain Robert Calder, on board the 102-gun Victory, began to count the Spanish ships as they sailed slowly into view on the starboard quarter;

'There are eight sail of the line Sir John.'
'Very well, sir.'
'There are twenty sail of the line Sir John.'
'Very well, sir.'
'There are twenty-five sail of the line Sir John.'
'Very well, sir.'
'There are twenty-seven sail of the line Sir John, nearly twice our own number.'

Admiral Sir John Jervis 'Old Jarvie' circa 1795 - Lemuel Francis Abbott

'Enough sir.' snapped Jervis, 'The die is cast and if there are fifty sail I will go through them!'


The Salvador del Mundo was under the command of Brigadier Antonio Yepes and was part of the 4th Division of the First Squadron in the centre of the Spanish line under the command of Admiral Cordoba aboard Santisima Trinidad the fleet flagship.

Battle is joined showing the position of the Salvador del Mundo as she comes under attack from the Victory and the 74-gun HMS Excellent under Captain Cuthbert Collingwood who force the Spanish first rate together with the 74-gun San Ysidro to strike. Trafalgar Companion - Mark Adkin

At 14.35 the British 74-gun Excellent under a certain Captain Collingwood drew alongside the Salvador del Mundo to exchange broadsides and was later joined by the 64-gun HMS Diadem under Captain George Towry and with the Excellent on the bow quarter and Diadem on the stern quarter the two British third rates battered the Spanish first rate just as they were joined by Jervis and the Victory who on passing the stern of the Spanish ship, caused her to strike.


HMS Victory rakes the Salvador del Mundo as she passes astern at the Battle of Cape St Vincent - Robert Clevely

The Salvador del Mundo suffered 166 casualties of whom 42 were killed. In return Excellent and Diadem escaped the battle with just 23 and 2 casualties respectively with 11 killed all aboard Excellent.



The Salvador del Mundo was taken into service by the Royal Navy through the rest of the Revolutionary War and the subsequent Napoleonic War not seeing front line service but seeing out her days on harbour duties until her decommissioning and scrapping at the end of the war.

In 1797 the Salvador de Mundo is shown as armed with 30 x 36-pounder long guns on her lower gun deck, 32 x 24-pdr guns on her middle deck, 32 x 12 pdrs on her upper deck and 20 x 8-pdr guns on her forecastle and quarterdeck.


Next we have the San Josef herself, perhaps the most famous Spanish ship involved in the Battle of Cape St Vincent after the Santisima Trinidad.

The San Josef or San Jose was a 114-gun first rate ship of the line designed and built by the French builder Francisco Gautier and also launched at Ferrol on the 30th June 1783.

'The Saint Joseph' - Carlos Parilla Penagos
https://www.carlosparrillapenagos.es/pintura-naval/
A perfect illustration of the Revolutionary War scheme

She was built along the same plans and design of the 112-gun Purisima Concepcion launched in 1779 by the same designer, but unlike her the San Josef turned out to be a much finer ship and the better sailor of the two.

My second new Spanish first rate designed to stand in for the San Josef or San Jose when we refight Cape St.Vincent.

The Battle of Cape St Vincent would be her first and last action at sea under Spanish colours and she would sail under the command of Rear Admiral Francisco Javier Winthuysen commanding the 6th Division of the 3rd Rear Squadron under the command of Vice Admiral Don Joaquin Moreno.

Rear Admiral Francisco Javier Winthuysen y Pineda - Naval Museum of Madrid

At 13.20 Admiral Jervis signalled to all rear divisions to turn onto a larboard tack individually and attack and by 13.45 the battle between the two fleets became general as ship after ship closed with the Spanish fleet, as illustrated in the map above.

Nelson aboard Captain 74-guns and Troubridge astern of him in the 74-gun Culloden drew level with the San Nicholas 84-guns and the San Josef 112-guns to begin an hour long exchange of broadsides at very short range.


Eventually the Culloden fell away disabled from the exchange of fire leaving the Captain to continue the unequal struggle only to be joined by Collingwood and the Excellent 74-guns sent ahead by Jervis to fill the gap between the Captain and her enemies.

HMS Captain capturing the San Nicholas and the San Josef - Nicholas Pocock

The battle was still very close and at about 15.00 Collingwood relieved Nelson by passing the Excellent between Captain and the San Nicholas and the San Josef firing as she passed, with Collingwood retelling the action in a letter to his wife stating;

'. . . we did not touch sides, but you could not put a bodkin between us, so that our shot passed through both ships, and in attempting to extricate themselves they got onboard of each other.

Captain Cuthbert Collingwood seen here before
reaching flag rank and looking much younger than the man
depicted in his portraits after Trafalgar 

 My good friend, the Commodore, had been long engaged with these ships, and I happily came to his relief, for he was dreadfully mauled.'


The shattered Captain ship's company made the best of their brief respite to replenish empty shot lockers and repair their badly cut up rigging caused by fire from the Santisima Trinidad and her consorts.

In addition, she had casualties to treat including Nelson who was injured after being struck in the side by a splinter from one of the rigging blocks.

An illustration of the individual ship movements leading up to the capture of the San Nicholas and San Josef by Commodore Nelson's Captain - Trafalgar Companion, Mark Adkin

However despite his injury Nelson was not content to simply rest on his laurels following the respite granted by the interceding Excellent and seeing that the San Nicholas was very much preoccupied in the struggle to free their ship from the San Josef and still reeling from the shock of the broadsides delivered by the Excellent he immediately realised the opportunity the situation presented, acting with promptness and courage that was fast becoming his command trade mark.


Nelson gave the order to his Flag-Captain Ralph Miller to steer the Captain alongside the stricken Spaniard, whilst calling for boarders and putting himself at their head, a very unusual thing for a flag-officer of Nelson's rank to do but illustrative of his instinctive leadership.

With the Captain's cathead lodged in the stern gallery windows 
of the San Nicholas, Nelson led the boarding party.

The Captain's cathead became lodged in the stern gallery window of the San Nicholas as her bow crashed into the Spaniard's starboard quarter and her spritsail yard pushed over the the enemy quarterdeck.

A soldier of the 69th Foot on board and serving as marines reached over and broke a stern window with his musket butt and Nelson then scrambled out along the cathead and climbed through the shattered glass into the Spanish captain's cabin, followed by his men.

The coat of Colour-Sergeant Chadwick of the 69th Foot who saw service as 
marines at the Battle of Cape St Vincent at which Chadwick took part. Next to his
jacket is a naval cutlass and sea service pistol.
JJ's Wargames - Cardiff Castle, 2021

The cabin doors were locked and Spanish officers were firing their pistols through the windows, but the momentum of the attack was maintained as the boarders broke down the doors with axes and stormed onto the quarterdeck, cutting down the Spanish Commodore, Don Tomas Geraldino as they went.

Meanwhile, another party, under Edward Berry, had run out along the bowsprit and dropped from the spritsail yard onto the quarterdeck and moments later Nelson was receiving the swords of the Spanish officers as the San Nicholas struck her colours.

The San Nicholas had suffered grievously with 203 casualties of which 144 were killed including her commander.


The even larger three decked San Josef  was still trapped alongside with the Prince George 98-guns close by firing well aimed broadsides only adding to the carnage created previously by the Captain and Excellent.

Rear-Admiral Winthuysen had been carried below, having lost both legs earlier in the action, and over 140 of her crew were dead or wounded, but some of her crew were still resisting, firing down onto the quarterdeck at Nelson's boarding party and threatening an awkward reversal of fortunes if not dealt with rapidly.

Again Nelson responded with his usual sangfroid ordering sentries posted to the hatchways and hailing Captain Miller to send over reinforcements to keep the San Nicholas under control, and thus having secured his rear led his boarding party in another furious rush up the sides of the San Josef.

Nelson boarding the San Josef - George Jones c1829 (National Maritime Museum Greenwich)
Not a particularly accurate portrayal, as the San Josef's quarterdeck was higher than the San Nicholas and Nelson's men were forced to climb up rather than descend on to it. The green facings of the 69th Foot makes a nice touch though.

Edward Berry gave his commodore a leg-up into the main chains, from where he leapt over the bulwark and down onto her quarterdeck, where he was met by the Spanish captain presenting his sword as a gesture of surrender and explaining that his admiral was dying of his wounds below.

The Surrender of the San Jose - Daniel Orme c 1799 (National Maritime Museum Greenwich)
Again a rather symbolic representation of events rather than historically accurate as the Spanish admiral lying left was actually dying below decks at the time. The rounded stern gallery of the San Nicholas can be seen captured in the background and the 69th Foot are again nicely represented.

Suspicious at the sudden collapse of enemy resistance Nelson asked the captain 'on his honour' if the ship had surrendered and, on being assured that she had, shook hands with him and told him to assemble the other officers for a formal surrender ceremony.

Hull plan of the captured San Josef (National Maritime Museum Greenwich)

Total casualties suffered by the San Josef were 142 which included 46 killed including Rear-Admiral Winthuysen.

The San Josef would be taken into service in the Royal Navy as the 114-gun HMS San Josef seeing later service as the flagship Admiral John Thomas Duckworth in 1809.


She would have a long service career with the Royal Navy seeing out her post war years as a flag-ship, gunnery training ship and guard ship before being broken up at Devonport, Plymouth in 1849.

HMS San Josef seen in later years of Royal Navy service - (National Maritime Museum Greenwich)

Apparently small pieces of the ship exist today with a quoin from one of her guns to be seen in the Tresco Abbey Gardens, Isles of Silly and her carved Triumph of Arms taken from her stern rail was sold at auction in 2014 whilst some of her timbers were used in the rebuilding of St Nicholas Church, West Looe, Cornwall in 1852.


At Cape St Vincent the San Josef was likely armed with 30 x 36-pounder long guns on her lower gun deck, 32 x 24-pdr guns on her middle deck, 32 x 12 pdrs on her upper deck and 22 x 8-pdr guns on her forecastle and quarterdeck.

That concludes the work on my own age of sail collection for the time being as I look forward to Warlord Games releasing their new models, a small third rate 64-gun ship, a 4th rate 50-gun ship and a 22-24 gun corvette, with the first mentioned key to my next additions and collection, namely the Dutch fleet for Camperdown

That said I aim to present some more games with the collection currently built and I will be working on some more models for a mate from club, Bob, who is keen to have his own fleets available and it will allow me to keep my ship modelling skills up in readiness for the new models.

As well as that I also plan to work on some more at anchor models for Algeciras and the Nile and I still need to get some Spanish gunboats built, a Xebec and Polacre and some shore line facilities, so plenty to do in the All at Sea project.

The Trafalgar Companion - Mark Adkin
1797 Nelson's Year of Destiny - Colin White
Nelson's Battles, The Art of Victory in the Age of Sail - Nicholas Tracy